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Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is significantly associated with abnormal glucose metabolism. Low SHBG level is a risk factor for insulin resistance and the occurence of diabetes mellitus. SHBG is negatively correlated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and plays an important role in regulating insulin resistance while predicting its development. The genotype of SHBG has been found to be closely related to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. Fatty liver and DNA methylation are also important factors mediating the relationship between SHBG and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The change in SHBG level may be related to insulin resistance by influencing hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a and regulating glucose transporter.
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Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of Tiaojing Xiaozhi Decoction combined with auricular acupoint embedding acupuncture on polycystic ovary syndrome in obese patients. Methods:A total of 120 obese cases of polycystic ovary syndrome (spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome) treated in Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2020 to June 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo treatment with either Tiaojing Xiaozhi Decoction (Chinese medicine group, n = 40), auricular acupoint embedding acupuncture (ear acupuncture group, n = 40), or Tiaojing Xiaozhi Decoction and auricular acupoint embedding acupuncture (combined therapy group, n = 40). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome integral, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist- to-hip ratio, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, prolactin, recombinant human leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, and clinical efficacy were compared among groups before and after treatment. Results:Total response rate in the combined therapy group was 87.5%, which was slightly but not significantly, higher than 77.5% in the Chinese medicine group and 80.0% in the ear acupuncture group, and there was no significant difference in total response rate among the three groups (all P > 0.05). After treatment, TCM syndrome integral in the combined therapy was (10.40 ± 2.38) points, which was significantly lower than (12.35 ± 3.32) points in the Chinese medicine group and (14.18 ± 3.51) points in the ear acupuncture group ( F = 14.78, P < 0.05). The body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio in the combined therapy group were superior to those in the Chinese medicine and ear acupuncture groups ( F = 4.11, 18.59, 3.62, 13.33, all P < 0.05). Luteinizing hormone and luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone in the combined therapy group were superior to those in the Chinese medicine and ear acupuncture groups (all P < 0.05). After treatment, recombinant human leptin and adiponectin in the combined therapy and Chinese medicine groups were superior to those measured before treatment (both P < 0.05). After treatment, only adiponectin was significantly increased in the early acupuncture group compared with before treatment ( P < 0.05). After treatment, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 in the combined therapy group were (4.12 ± 1.54) μg/L and (3.09 ± 1.41) ng/L respectively, which were significantly decreased compared with before treatment ( t = 21.66, 10.42, both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Tiaojing Xiaozhi Decoction combined with auricular acupoint embedding acupuncture can decrease body mass index, fat factor, and inflammatory factor levels, which can help decrease sex hormone levels and TCM syndrome integral, and has an obvious therapeutic effect on polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Objective To analyze the growth and development status of children with severe β-thalassemia major (β-TM) in Bazhong area and its correlation with hemoglobin concentration (HGB) and serum ferritin (SF) level, and to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of children with β-TM in Bazhong area. Methods A total of 292 children with β-TM admitted to Bazhong Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected. The Z-score method was used to evaluate the growth and development of the children. According to the growth and development of the children, they were divided into the normal group (normal growth and development, n=163) and delayed group (growth and development delay, n=129). Another 60 healthy children were selected as the control group. The levels of HGB, serum SF, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were compared among the three groups of children, and clinical data such as age, sex and age of onset were collected from the case system. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the independent risk factors of growth and development delay in β-TM children. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between growth retardation and HGB and serum SF levels in β-TM children. Results The serum SF and TSH levels in the delayed group were significantly higher than those in the normal group and the control group, while the levels of HGB and serum FT4 were significantly lower than those in the normal group and control group (P2000 ng/mL were risk factors for growth retardation in β-TM children (P2000 ng/mL, the height, weight, and HGB and serum SF levels should be monitored regularly.
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Senile osteoporosis is closely related to the level of sex hormones. Estrogen and androgen play important physiological roles in senile men and women with osteoporosis. Androgen can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts to promote bone formation and improve bone mineral density and bone mass. Estrogen can bind to estrogen receptors to directly regulate bone metabolism and reduce bone resorption. This article reviews the relationship between senile osteoporosis and sex hormones.
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Objective:To study the effect of different hemostasis methods on postoperative pain and sex hormone levels in patients undergoing laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy.Methods:A total of 118 patients with ovarian cysts admitted to our hospital from Jun. 2018.6 to Aug. 2020 were collected and grouped by digital table method into electrocoagulation hemostasis group (59 cases, electrocoagulation hemostasis) and suture hemostasis group (59 cases, suture hemostasis). Pain at time points, serum inflammatory factors and sex hormone levels in the two groups were measured, and the incidence of complications was counted 12 weeks after surgery.Results:The VAS scores of suture hemostasis group at 6, 12 and 24 h after operation (3.33±0.93, 3.63±1.02, 3.01±0.94) were significantly lower than those of the electrocoagulation hemostasis group (4.16±1.05, 4.61±1.17, 3.72±1.05) ; there was no significant difference in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels between the preoperative suture hemostasis group and the electrocoagulation hemostasis group. The serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the group (37.64±4.82ng/L, 39.67±4.71ng/L) were lower than those in the electrocoagulation hemostasis group (45.96±5.25ng/L, 48.96±5.14ng/L) ( P<0.05) .) ; there was no significant difference in serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E 2) or luteinizing hormone (LH) levels between preoperative electrocoagulation hemostasis group and suture hemostasis group ( P>0.05) ; There was no significant difference in the three indexes in the suture hemostasis group 3 months after operation compared with those before treatment ( P>0.05). The serum FSH and LH [ (6.59±0.91) mIU/ml, (5.24±0.77) mIU/ml] in the suture hemostasis group were lower than those in the electrocoagulation hemostasis group [ (7.39±1.02) mIU/m, (5.97±0.89) mIU/m], E 2 in suture hemostasis group [ (51.08±6.09) pg/ml] was higher than that in electrocoagulation hemostasis group [ (46.88±5.59) pg/ml] ( P<0.05). In terms of the complication rate at 3 months after operation, the suture hemostasis group (32.20%) was significantly lower than electrocoagulation hemostasis (13.56%) ( P<0.05). After 1 year of follow-up, the pregnancy success rate of the suture hemostasis group (72.88%) was significantly higher than that of the electrocoagulation hemostasis group (52.54%) ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:Suture hemostasis in patients undergoing laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is beneficial to relieve postoperative pain, improve postoperative inflammatory response, protect their ovarian function, avoid complications such as abnormal ovulation and excessive menstrual flow, and improve the success rate of pregnancy. The overall application effect is better than electrocoagulation hemostasis.
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Objective:To analyze the diagnostic value of sex hormone combined with carcinoembryonic antigen on lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients.Methods:52 cases of breast cancer patients who underwent surgical resection were collected and divided into non-metastasis group and metastases group after axillary lymph node ultrasonography. The blood samples was collected from patients and the levels of serum estradiol, testosterone, progesterone and carcinoembryonic antigen were detected; The diagnostic value of the above indexes in patients with lymph node metastasis was analyzed; Logistic risk regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis after surgical resection.Results:There were significant differences between the non-metastatic group and the metastatic group in the largest tumor diameter and menopause (all P<0.05), but there were no significant differences among other general data (all P>0.05). The serum estradiol level in the non-metastatic group was (153.97±35.55) pg/ml, the progesterone level was (0.33±0.05) ng/ml, and the carcinoembryonic antigen level was (11.44±3.77) ng/ml, while the estradiol level in the metastatic group was (207.19±52.11) pg/ml ( t=4.13, P<0.001), progesterone level (0.38±0.04) ng/ml ( t=4.01, P<0.001), carcinoembryonic antigen level (15.41±3.46) ng/ml ( t=3.94, P<0.001). The above three indicators were significantly increased in patients in the transfer group. The area under the curve of estradiol was 0.83, the area under the curve of progesterone was 0.80, the area under the curve of carcinoembryonic antigen was 0.77, the area under the curve of the combination of the three was 0.85, and the area under the curve of the combination of the three was the largest. Logistic risk regression model showed that estradiol, progesterone, and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were independent risk factors affecting lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:The sex hormone estradiol, progesterone combined with carcinoembryonic antigen has a high diagnostic value for lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer, and can independently predict the occurrence of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients.
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Background Experimental studies have shown that radiofrequency electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phones can cause adverse effects on male reproductive health, including decreased semen quality and altered sex hormones. However, the results of epidemiological studies on the relationship between mobile phone use and male semen quality are inconsistent. Furthermore, there are few epidemiological studies on the association of mobile phone use with sex hormones. Objective To explore the associations of mobile phone use with male semen quality and sex hormones. Methods A total of 2045 men visited the reproductive medicine center of a hospital in Wuhan and ordered infertility examination were recruited from December 2018 to January 2020. Information on mobile phone use was obtained using a questionnaire. Among them, 1232 and 1694 men were eligible for semen quality analyses and sex hormone analyses, respectively. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of mobile phone use with male semen quality and sex hormones. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, there was no statistically significant associations of mobile phone use with sperm progressive motility, sperm total motility, sperm concentration, sperm count, or serum luteinizing hormone (P>0.05). However, serum total testosterone showed a declined tendency with increasing daily duration of mobile phone use (Ptrend=0.08). Compared with men with daily mobile phone use of 0-2 h, men with daily mobile phone use of 2.1-5, 5.1-8, and >8 h showed decreased serum total testosterone concentrations by 6.29% (95%CI: 0.40%-11.84%), 6.01% (95%CI: 0.60%-12.19%), and 7.87% (95%CI: 0.40%-14.79%), respectively. Conclusion Mobile phone use is not associated with male semen quality and serum luteinizing hormone, but increasing daily duration of mobile phone use is potentially associated with a tendency to lower male serum total testosterone.
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With the decline in male fertility in recent years, infertility has become an urgent global problem to be solved. Existing evidence shows that gut microbiota has an important impact on male reproductive health, and gut microbiota disorder can affect spermatogenesis by inducing inflammation, metabolic disorder and endocrine disruption. This paper systematically reviews the relevant research progress in this field, focusing on the impact of gut microbiota disorder on male reproductive ability from the aspects of gut microbiota and spermatogenesis, gut microbiota and sex hormone metabolism, effects of fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary regulation on male reproductive function, and discusses the future research directions of gut micro-biota and male infertility.
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Background: Some studies indicated that body mass index (BMI) is inversely proportional to serum testosterone concentrations in men. Purposes: This study aimed to analyze the effects of aging and obesity on total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), bioavailable testosterone (BT), luteinizing hormone (LH), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the clinical and laboratory profiles of 701 patients treated at a private urology clinic in Ponta Grossa, Brazil, from January 2016 to December 2018. Results: Patients' age ranged from 16 to 88 years (mean, 56.9 ± 13.62 years). Age did not significantly influence serum TT concentrations, except compared to patients aged >70 years. However, changes were observed in FT and BT (p < 0.05). The mean SHBG increased with age (p < 0.05). A tendency toward LH elevation was observed in older patients, but it was not statistically significant. An inverse proportional relationship between TT, FT, and BT and the testosterone deficiency rate (TT < 300 ng/dL) was observed within BMI groups (p < 0.05). The testosterone deficiency rate was 21.5% in individuals with normal BMI, 29% in overweight individuals, and 37% in obese individuals. Conclusions: Aging affected the testosterone concentrations in men and became increasingly evident using FT and BT instead of TT. SHBG increased with age. Obesity was associated with a decrease in TT, FT, and BT but also increased the rate of hypogonadism. (AU)
Fundamentos: Alguns estudos indicam que o índice de massa corporal (IMC) é inversamente proporcional à con-centração de testosterona sérica em homens. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o efeito do envelhe-cimento e da obesidade na testosterona biodisponível total e livre, bem como nos níveis de hormônio luteinizante e globulina ligadora de hormônio sexual. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal abordando o perfil clínico e laboratorial de 701 pacientes atendidos em uma clínica privada de urologia em Ponta Grossa, Brasil, de janei-ro de 2016 a dezembro de 2018. Resultados: A idade dos pacientes variou de 16 a 88 anos (média de 56,9 ± 13,62 anos). A idade não influenciou significativamente as concentrações séricas de testosterona total, exceto quando comparada a pacientes com mais de 70 anos. No entanto, foi observada diferença na testosterona livre e biodisponível (p <0,05). A média de globulina de ligação aos hormônios sexuais aumentou com a idade (p <0,05). Embora uma tendência à elevação da luteinização tenha sido observada em pacientes mais idosos, ela não foi significativa. Relação inversa entre testosterona total, livre e biodisponível e taxa de deficiência de testosterona (testosterona total <300 ng / dL) foi observada dentro dos grupos de índice de massa corporal (p <0,05). A taxa de deficiência de testosterona em indivíduos com índice de massa corporal normal foi de 21,5%, indivíduos com sobre-peso foi de 29% e em indivíduos com obesidade foi de 37%. Conclusões: O envelhecimento afetou a concentração de testosterona em homens, mais evidente ao avaliar testosterona livre e biodisponível em vez de testosterona total. A globulina de ligação aos hormônios sexuais aumentou com a idade. A obesidade foi associada à redução da testosterona total, livre e biodisponível e ao aumento da taxa de hipogonadismo. (AU)
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Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aging , Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin , Luteinizing Hormone , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , HypogonadismABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the association between serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 371 middle-aged and young obese patients who were hospitalized and underwent liver puncture in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2016 to April 2021 were included. The population was divided into control group ( n=43) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) group ( n=328) based on the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. Subjects in NAFLD group were further divided into non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) ( n=60), uncertain-NASH ( n=172), and NASH ( n=96). Serum SHBG was tested in patients with NAFLD who were divided into three subgroups according to tertiles. The liver pathological characteristics in different SHBG level subgroups were compared. The risk factors of NASH were analyzed by logistic regression. The prediction model of NASH noninvasive diagnosis was established by forward stepwise regression, and the diagnostic value of non-invasive model for NASH was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:The median age in patients were (32±10) years old with a body mass index of (39.16±6.58) kg/m2, including 236 females (63.6%). Serum SHBG level [ M ( Q1, Q3)] in NAFLD group was significantly lower than that in control group [16.90 (11.43, 23.00) vs. (23.45 (15.40, 31.22) mmol/L, P<0.05], and progressively diminished in NAFL, uncertain-NASH and NASH subgroups [(22.24±10.47), (20.57±19.58), (15.80±8.74) mmol; P for trend<0.05]. Compared with the high-leveled SHBG subgroup, the steatosis score (2.09±0.80 vs. 1.51±0.72, P<0.01) and lobular inflammation score (1.10±0.68 vs. 0.85±0.68, P<0.05) were significantly higher in the low-leveled SHBG group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that lower serum SHBG level was an independent risk factor for NASH ( OR=2.527, 95% CI: 1.296 to 4.928, P<0.05). The area under ROC curve of SHBG combined with aspartate aminotransferase in predicting NASH in NAFLD patients was 0.752 (95% CI: 0.696 to 0.809). Conclusion:Low serum SHBG level is associated with NASH.
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Objective:To observe the effect of Jiuwei Chushi Decoction on sex hormone level of serum and Kisspeptin protein expression in hypothalamus of Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) rats model.Methods:After sixty female rat were breeded from SD rats, they are randomly divided into six groups, which are normal control group, model group, Gonadorelin group, and high, medium and low dose group of Jiuwei Chushi Decoction, 10 in each group. In addition to the normal control group, the other groups were subcutaneously injected with N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid to establish CPP model. Gonadorelin group was subcutaneously injected with Gonadorelin 100 μg/(kg·d), and high, medium and low dose group of Jiuwei Chushi Decoction were intragastrated with Jiuwei Chushi Decoction extract at 5.75, 2.87 and 1.43 ml/(kg·d) respectively. The levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH),Estradiol (E 2) were detected by ELISA, and the protein expressions of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) and Kisspeptin in hypothalamus were detected by Western Blot. Results:Compared with the model group, the levels of LH and E 2 of the low, medium and high dose group of Jiuwei Chushi Decoction were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), while the FSH level was significantly increased ( P<0.05). The relative protein expression of GnRH (0.657±0.110, 0.536±0.152 vs. 0.912±0.219) and Kisspeptin (0.508±0.035,0.347±0.073 vs. 0.659±0.030) in the medium and high dose group of Jiuwei Chushi Decoction was lower than that of model group. Conclusion:Jiuwei Chushi Decoction could affect hypothalamic Kisspeptin protein expression, inhibite hypothalamic GnRH expression, and decrease LH and E 2 levels in the serum of CPP rats.
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Objective@#To investigate glucolipid metabolism and sex hormone levels among female children with precocious puberty, so as to provide insights into the illustration of pathogenesis of precocious puberty. @*Methods@#A total of 110 female children with precocious puberty treated in Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital during the period from May 2019 through May 2021 were enrolled and assigned into the idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) group and the premature thelarche alone (PT) group according to the results of gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation tests. The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL), fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) andlipoprotein-a [Lp (a)] levels were detected and compared in children between the ICPP and PT groups.@*Results@#There were 70 cases in the ICCP group, with a mean age of (7.62±1.13) years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of (16.30±2.21) kg/m2 and 40 cases in the PT group, with a mean age of (7.42±1.04) years and a mean BMI of (16.70±2.10) kg/m2 (both P>0.05). The FSH [(3.58±0.80) vs. (2.22±0.75) IU/L], LH [(1.40±0.28) vs. (0.25±0.12) IU/L], P [(0.29±0.12) vs. (0.18±0.08) ng/mL], E2 [(23.28±4.23) vs. (15.54±2.75) pg/mL] and PRL [(8.56±1.93) vs. (6.54±1.50) ng/mL], FINS [(13.24±2.54) vs. (11.10±2.49) U/L], TG [(1.36±0.17) vs. (1.21±0.27) mmol/L], LDL-C [(3.10±0.44) vs. (2.81±0.60) mmol/L], ApoB [(0.78±0.19) vs. (0.71±0.14) g/L] and Lp (a) levels [(252.45±52.10) vs. (202.60±41.28) mg/L] were significantly higher in the ICPP group than in the PT group (all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The levels of sex hormones and glucolipid metabolism parameters are significantly higher among female children with ICPP than among those with PT.
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In this review paper, the influence of the changes of sex hormone levels in the reproductive transition period such as puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, postpartum and menopause on the brain structure was retrospectively analyzed. The results showed that the fluctuation of sex hormone level in different reproductive cycles caused the change of neuroplasticity, which have a macroscopic and microscopic impact on the brain, causing normal or pathological changes in the brain, and there was a significant correlation between the changes of brain volume and sex hormone levels. These results indicated that sex hormones played an important role in the plasticity of brain structure at different stages of female reproductive transition, and the periodic and progressive changes in sex hormone levels were also critical to the influence of mood, cognitive function and psychoneurosis throughout the female life cycle. Therefore, a full understanding of the changes of brain structural plasticity and pathology related to sex hormones is helpful to understand the neural mechanism of the influence of sex hormones on brain structure, and provide effective theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of diseases in different hormonal transition periods for women in the future.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of Ranae Oviductus (RO) on ovarian follicular development， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway， and pregnancy function in rats, and the estrogen-like mechanism of OR. Method:Seventy female Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a progynova+ luteohormone group (1 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>+40 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>), a clomiphene group (10 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>), and high-dose(400 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) and low-dose(200 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) RO groups. Rats were administered correspondingly by gavage for eight weeks. After seven weeks of intragastric administration, the estrus cycle of all rats was measured. After eight weeks of intragastric administration， four rats from each group were selected to give birth. For other rats, blood was collected on the day of estrus， and the serum levels of estradiol (E<sub>2</sub>)，progesterone (P)， testosterone (T)， follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)， and luteotropic hormone (LH) were detected. Uterus and ovaries were extracted and weighed to calculate organ index. One ovary was made into pathological sections, and the follicles at different developmental stages and corpus luteum were counted. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）and Western blot were performed on the other ovary to detect mRNA and protein changes in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Forty female Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal group and RO groups (400 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) with 14 days， 28 days， and 56 days of intervention. Mice in the RO groups were raised with male mice in cages after intragastric administration of OR for 14， 28， and 56 days， respectively. After 18 days, the number of intrauterine fetuses on both sides and the number of stunted fetuses were counted. Result:After eight weeks of intragastric administration of OR， the rats showed decreased uterine index (<italic>P</italic><0.05)， declining serum LH (<italic>P</italic><0.05)， reduced luteum (<italic>P</italic><0.01)， dwindled primary follicles (<italic>P</italic><0.05)， and increased rate of follicle atresia (<italic>P</italic><0.01). Additionally， more luteal or interstitial glands degenerated into interstitial structures in the ovarian cortex in a short time. The mRNA expression levels of PI3K and Akt in the ovary were elevated (<italic>P</italic><0.01)， while the mRNA expression levels of mTOR and PTEN were reduced (<italic>P</italic><0.01). The phosphorylation level of Akt protein showed a downward trend without significant difference. For the rats， the number of fetuses was decreased (<italic>P</italic><0.05). The pregnancy rate of mice was decreased to varying degrees after administration of RO for different durations， with the lowest in the 14 day RO group， as low as 30%. After 28 days of intragastric administration of RO， the difference in left and right uterine pregnancy increased (<italic>P</italic><0.05). Conclusion:Long-term administration of RO can lead to premature ovarian failure by over-stimulating the ovary， which is similar to clomiphene. Short-term administration can result in decreased pregnancy rate， excessive ovulation on one side， and inhibition of ovulation on the other side. The influence on follicles needs further exploration.
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【Objective】 Tostudy the effect of sex-differentiated human IgG samples on Dendritic cells (DC) secretion of inflammation-related factors and explore the effect of residual sex hormones in IgG products (such as IVIg) on the secretion of IL-6 by DC. 【Methods】 According to the standard IVIg production process, the company was entrustedto prepare sex-differentiated plasma purified IgG samples, and two sex-differentiated IgG samples with different sex ratios (male to female ratio1: 0, 0: 1) were obtained. The samples and referenceswere treated with human DC (induced by THP-1 cells) respectively. After 24 h of culture, the chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4), adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFN-) in the cell supernatant were detected, The effects of different samples on the secretion of inflammation-related factors by DC were compared. The effect of sex hormone residues on the anti-inflammatory ability of IgG products was preliminarily explored uing sex hormones and sex hormone receptor blockers. 【Results】 The samples in each group significantly inhibitedthe secretion of chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4) and the adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) by mature DC (compared with the PBS group, P<0.05), but significantly promoted the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1a/b, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70), compared with the PBS group(P<0.05). The results of sex hormone residues showed that therewere residues of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (TSTO) in sex-differentiated IgG samples and IVIg products. The experimental results of IVIg and sex hormone/sex hormone receptor blockers showed that residual E2 may promote the secretion of IL-6 by DC, which may be achieved through the E2 receptor ERb. 【Conclusion】 There are differences in the effect of IgG samples prepared from combined plasma with different sex ratios on the secretion of cytokines by DC, which may be related to the residual E2 in the products. The residual sex hormones in IVIg may promote the production and secretion of IL-6 through the sex hormone receptor ERb expressed in DC, and TSTO may have a collaboration effect to enhance the secretion-promoting effect of IL-6 by E2. This study provides a theoretical basis for whether sex hormone residues need to be considered in the quality control indicators of IVIg products.
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Background: A relationship between the thyroid gland and the gonads is suggested by far more frequent occurrence of thyroid disorders in women than in men by clinical appearance of goiter during pregnancy, puberty, and menopause. Aim of this study was to determine the association between menstrual irregularities and thyroid dysfunction. To analyse the pattern of menstrual dysfunction among women with a thyroid disorder.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center - obstetrics and gynecology OPD. Over 6 months in the year 2019. 100 women who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding with the below exclusion criteria. Detailed history taking with an emphasis on age, parity, infertility, and menstrual disorders. Evaluation by pelvic examination along with the general physical examination of those with menstrual complaints. Routine investigations like Hb, BT, CT, TLC, DLC, platelet count, and ABO-Rh in all. Then all patients were subjected to estimation of serum T3, T4, TSH with early morning samples.Results: Menorrhagia presents in 39.4% of patients in the normal cohort and 63.6% in the thyroid dysfunction cohort. Hypomenorrhea presents in 4% normal cohort and 9.1% thyroid dysfunction cohort. Hypothyroidism presents in 7.27%, subclinical hypothyroidism in 1.81%, and hyperthyroidism in 0.92% of patients. Amenorrhoea presents in 16.2% of patients of the normal cohort and 9.1% of patients of thyroid dysfunction cohort. No statistical significance between amenorrhoea and thyroid dysfunction.32.3% in the normal cohort and 36.4% in thyroid dysfunction cohort had a bulky uterus. No statistical association exists between thyroid dysfunction and uterine size. In a histopathological examination of the endometrium, 49.5% in the normal cohort and 54.5% thyroid dysfunction cohort reported as proliferative endometrium. Amenorrhoea; the significant association between abnormal uterine bleeding and thyroid disorder (10%).Conclusions: The significant association between abnormal uterine bleeding and thyroid disorder (10%). It brings into focus the increased incidence of hypothyroidism among women with menorrhagia.
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Objective@#To explore the influence of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environmental factors on physiological function of premature infants, and propose improvement plan.@*Methods@#A total of 40 cases of low body mass premature infants from June to December in 2017 in Chongqing Center for Women and Children were selected as the research objects, and 8:00-9:00 of working day was set as the daily period, 10:00-11:00 as the quiet period. Light, sound, touch and other environmental factors in NICU were detected quantitatively, basic vital signs, activity, stress hormones and other changes were recorded, and the impact of environmental factors on the children was analyzed.@*Results@#Touch times in daily and quiet periods were (5.02±0.54) times/h and (4.56±0.55) times/h, with no significant difference (P>0.05). The same time as the next two days, the activity of premature infants in quiet period was (8.26±3.10), which was lower than that in daily period (17.52±5.78), and the difference was statistically significant (t value was 8.967, P<0.01). The sleep time of premature infants during quiet period (23.24±8.38) was significantly higher than that of daily period (4.80 ±5.39), the difference was statistically significant (t value was-11.679, P<0.01). The levels of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine in premature infants were (61.53±13.47), (15.91±3.94), (49.22±15.15) μg/L in quiet period, which were significantly lower than those in daily period (74.52±20.98), (23.40±11.66), (80.32±32.43) μg/L (t value was 3.295, 3.848, 5.502, P<0.01). The heart rate and systolic pressure of premature infants in quiet period (130.44±8.06) beats/min, (64.05±10.40) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) were significantly lower than those in daily period (145.21±10.52) beats/min, (72.85±13.36) mmHg, and the difference was statistically significant (t value was 3.340, 2.166, P<0.01 or 0.05). Different time periods on the same day, the activity of premature infants in quiet period was (9.87±3.31), which was lower than that in daily period (19.82±5.57), and the difference was statistically significant (t value was 9.761, P<0.01). The sleep time of premature infants during quiet period (25.75±9.07) was significantly higher than that of daily period (4.70±3.89), the difference was statistically significant (t value was-13.457, P<0.01). The levels of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine in premature infants were (59.42±11.95), (15.78±1.45), (50.90±14.73) μg/L in quiet period, which were significantly lower than those in daily period (71.50±20.56), (25.62±11.95), (79.87±29.91) μg/L (t value was 3.212, 5.169, 3.585, P<0.01). The heart rate and systolic pressure of premature infants in quiet period (136.02±11.22) beats/min, (65.35±9.56) mmHg were significantly lower than those in daily period (144.10±9.18) beats/min, (73.47±12.92) mmHg, and the difference was statistically significant (t value was 3.533, 2.008, P<0.01 or 0.05).@*Conclusions@#Children with NICU are generally in high noise and strong light environment, these factors will cause adverse physiological reactions to a certain extent.
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Objective@#To explore the clinical study of different frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of senile schizophrenia.@*Methods@#The 70 elderly schizophrenics admitted to Kangning Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University from February 2018 to August 2019 were randomly divided into observation group (35 cases) and control group (35 cases). High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was used in the observation group and low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was used in the control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The changes of clinical global impression (CGI), positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), cognitive function rating scale for schizophrenia (SCoRS), scale of social-skills for psychiatric inpatients(SSPI) and serum sex hormone levels before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#After treatment, the CGI and PANSS scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment [observation group:(2.43 ± 0.37) scores vs. (5.61 ± 0.58) scores, (35.73 ± 6.57) scores vs. (79.95 ± 8.98) scores, t=27.346 and 23.512; control group: (3.37 ± 0.48) scores vs. (5.49 ± 0.62) scores, (40.91 ± 8.17) scores vs. (78.64 ± 9.63) scores, t=15.996 and 17.675, P<0.05]; after treatment, the CGI and PANSS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (t=9.176, 2.923, P<0.05). After treatment, the SCoRS scores of the two groups was lower than those before treatment (observation group: t=12.822, control group: t=7.402, P<0.05); after treatment, the SCoRS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group [(27.92 ± 5.41) scores vs. (34.25 ± 6.17) scores] (t=4.564, P<0.05). The SSPI scores of the two groups increased after treatment (observation group: t=9.252; control group: t=3.671, P<0.05); after treatment, the SSPI scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group [(35.74 ± 3.27) scores vs. (30.85 ± 2.28) scores](t=7.257, P<0.05). After treatment, the serum testosterone and prolactin levels in the two groups were higher than those before treatment (observation group: t=13.853, 15.198; control group: t=10.075 and 9.225, P<0.05); after treatment, the serum testosterone and prolactin levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (t=5.693 and 7.202, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is superior to low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of senile schizophrenia, and the improvement of sex hormone level is superior to low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and the improvement of cognitive and social functions is superior to low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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Objective To explore the clinical study of different frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of senile schizophrenia.Methods The 70 elderly schizophrenics admitted to Kangning Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University from February 2018 to August 2019 were randomly divided into observation group (35 cases) and control group (35 cases).High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was used in the observation group and low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was used in the control group.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.The changes of clinical global impression (CGI),positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS),cognitive function rating scale for schizophrenia (SCoRS),scale of social-skills for psychiatric inpatients(SSPI) and serum sex hormone levels before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the CGI and PANSS scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment [observation group:(2.43 ± 0.37) scores vs.(5.61 ± 0.58) scores,(35.73 ± 6.57) scores vs.(79.95 ± 8.98) scores,t =27.346 and 23.512;control group:(3.37 ± 0.48) scores vs.(5.49 ± 0.62) scores,(40.91 ± 8.17) scores vs.(78.64 ± 9.63) scores,t =15.996 and 17.675,P ＜ 0.05];after treatment,the CGI and PANSS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (t =9.176,2.923,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the SCoRS scores of the two groups was lower than those before treatment (observation group:t =12.822,control group:t =7.402,P ＜ 0.05);after treatment,the SCoRS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group [(27.92 ± 5.41) scores vs.(34.25 ± 6.17) scores] (t=4.564,P＜0.05).The SSPI scores of the two groups increased after treatment (observation group:t=9.252;control group:t=3.671,P＜0.05);after treatment,the SSPI scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group [(35.74 ± 3.27) scores vs.(30.85 ± 2.28) scores](t =7.257,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the serum testosterone and prolactin levels in the two groups were higher than those before treatment (observation group:t =13.853,15.198;control group:t =10.075 and 9.225,P ＜ 0.05);after treatment,the serum testosterone and prolactin levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (t=5.693 and 7.202,P＜0.05).Conclusions High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is superior to low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of senile schizophrenia,and the improvement of sex hormone level is superior to low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,and the improvement of cognitive and social functions is superior to low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of n-hexane on the level of sex hormones and expression of estrogen receptor(ER) in rats and the protective effect of Lyciumbarbarum polysaccharide(LBP) on n-hexane-induced reproductive toxicity. METHODS: Based on factorial design model of 4×2, specific pathogen free adult female SD rats were divided into control group and low-, medium-and high-n-hexane exposure groups, and each group was divided into non-LBP intervention and LBP intervention sub-group. There were 8 subgroups with 6 rats in each group. On the first day, the rats in the 4 groups were given intraperitoneal injection of n-hexane at 0, 675, 1 350 and 2 700 mg/kg body weight, respectively. On day 2-4, the rats in the non-LBP intervention subgroup were given intragastric administration of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, and the rats in the LBP intervention subgroup were given intragastric administration of LBP at 50 mg/kg body weight once a day. On the fifth day, all animals were sacrificed, and the levels of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), estradiol, progesterone were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression of Erα, Erβ and G protein coupled estrogen receptor 1(Gper1) was detected by real time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of ERα, ERβ and GPER1 protein was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: i) In the absence of LBP intervention(i.e. simple n-hexane exposure), there was no significant difference in the level of serum FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone in the 4 groups(P>0.05). The relative expression of Erβ mRNA in ovary of low dose group decreased, while the relative expression of proteins of ERα and GPER1 increased(P<0.05) when compared with the control group. The relative expression of Erα mRNA and GPER1 protein in the ovary of medium-and high-dose groups increased(P<0.05), while the relative expression of Erβ, Gper1 mRNA and ERβ protein decreased(P<0.05). The relative expression of ERα protein in ovary of high-dose group increased(P<0.05). ii) At the same dose of n-hexane exposure, the relative expression of Erα mRNA in ovary of rats in low dose group increased(P<0.05), while the relative expression of ERβ and GPER1 protein decreased in LBP intervention group compared with the no LBP intervention group(P<0.05). The relative expression of ERα and GPER1 protein in ovary of medium dose group increased(P<0.05), while the relative expression of Gper1 mRNA and GPER1 protein in ovary of high dose group decreased in LBP intervention group compared with the no LBP intervention group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: n-Hexane can up-regulate the expression of ERα and GPER1 in rat ovary, but has no significant effect on female endocrine system. LBP may play a protective role in female reproductive system by up-regulating the expression of ERα and GPER1.